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High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's Syndrome
Autism is a brain disorder in which communication and interaction with others are difficult. The symptoms of autism may range from total lack of communication with others to difficulty in understanding others' feelings. Because of the range of symptoms, this condition is now called a utism spectrum disorder (ASD).
High-functioning autism is at one end of the ASD spectrum. Signs and symptoms are less severe than with other forms of autism. In fact, a person with high-functioning autism usually has average or above-average intelligence. The differences from other forms of autism have led many psychiatrists to consider high-functioning autism as similar to or the same as Asperger's syndrome.
Important It is possible that the main title of the report Autism is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report.
Whether it's labeled high-functioning autism or Asperger's syndrome, coping with this condition presents daily challenges -- for those who have it and for their family and friends.
What Are the Symptoms of High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's Syndrome?
People with high-functioning autism or Asperger's syndrome do not have the delayed language development that's typically found in people with autism. In addition, people with high-functioning autism have average or above-average intelligence. However, they may show other behaviors and signs similar to what's seen with other types of autism. These include:
- A delay in motor skills
- A lack of skill in interacting with others
- Little understanding of the abstract uses of language, such as humor or give-and-take in a conversation
- Obsessive interest in specific items or information
- Strong reactions to textures, smells, sounds, sights, or other stimuli that others might not even notice, such as a flickering light
Unlike people with other forms of autism, people with high-functioning autism or Asperger's syndrome want to be involved with others. They simply don't know how to go about it. They may not be able to understand others' emotions. They may not read facial expressions or body language well. As a result, they may be teased and often feel like social outcasts. The unwanted social isolation can lead to anxiety and depression.
Causes of High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's Syndrome
Autism runs in families. The underlying causes, however, are not known. Potential causes under investigation include:
- Inherited genetic conditions
- Other medical problems
- Environmental factors
Diagnosing High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's Syndrome
Children with high-functioning autism or Asperger's syndrome may not be diagnosed as early as children with more severe forms of autism. That's because the symptoms aren't as noticeable. Symptoms may not become a problem until a child is in school. A diagnosis is based on the doctor's assessment of the child's symptoms in three areas:
- Social interactions: symptoms such as lack of eye contact or an inability to understand another person's feelings
- Verbal and non-verbal communication: symptoms such as not speaking or repeating a phrase over and over again
- Interests in activities, objects, or specialized information: symptoms such as playing with only a part of a toy or being obsessed with a particular topic
The doctor may gather information about these areas by:
Important It is possible that the main title of the report Autism is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report.
- Conducting psychological testing
- Establishing the history of the child's development
- Interviewing parents and others who have frequent contact with the child
- Observing the child's behavior
- Requesting physical, neurological, or genetic testing
- Seeking a speech and language assessment
In addition, the doctor may request tests to rule out other causes of the behavior, such as hearing problems.
Treating High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's Syndrome
High-functioning autism and Asperger's syndrome can be treated with a variety of therapies. Behavioral training is the primary method used to help people with high-functioning autism overcome problems with social interaction. Here are therapies that are often used:
Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is a method of rewarding appropriate social behavior and communication skills. This method is based on the theory that rewarding behavior encourages it to continue.
Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) is a structured way of teaching communication and coping skills. The system uses the child's strengths in memorization and visual skills.
In addition, other treatments may be recommended, based on the child's needs. These include:
- Medications to treat obsessive behaviors or depression
- Physical or occupational therapy for assistance with motor skills
- Speech and language therapy to help with communication and language development
Living With High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's Syndrome
High-functioning autism and Asperger's syndrome present ongoing challenges from childhood through adulthood.
In children: Young children may have problems at school in areas of behavior and communication. Because the focus in early grades is often on memorization of facts, they may do well academically.
In older children and teens: As children grow older, a lack of social skills and the presence of obsessive interests or behaviors may put the child in the position of being teased. Forming new friendships may become increasingly difficult.
In adults: It may be difficult to live independently as an adult. Work and personal relationships may be hard to establish and maintain.
How Loved Ones Can Help a Child With High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's Syndrome
Family and friends can help if they understand what high-functioning autism is and know the symptoms and treatments associated with the disorder.
How Loved Ones Can Help a Child With High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's Syndrome continued...
Family members can advocate for a child with high-functioning autism or Asperger's by being sure that the child receives medical treatment and any other services available. For example, the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) requires that students with a disability be provided a free and appropriate education, which may include special services.
Other services that may be helpful include:
Important It is possible that the main title of the report Autism is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report.
- Counseling to assist with behavior therapy and coping skills
- Finding a buddy or mentor who can give informal advice on social and communication challenges as they arise
- Occupational therapy for any motor problems that affect daily activities
- Speech and language therapy to address language and communications challenges
- Establishing a 504 plan that allows for necessary classroom modifications and support
In addition, family and friends may want to seek out help and support from counselors or others who are also dealing with children who have high-functioning autism or Asperger's syndrome. Many online information and support groups are available.
Many individuals with high-functioning autism or Asperger's syndrome have found support in groups like The Global and Regional Autism Spectrum Partnership (GRASP). GRASP's members and leadership are drawn from people with some form of autism or Asperger's syndrome. Organizations such as GRASP give hope that while challenges are many, people with high-functioning autism can lead healthy, fulfilling lives.
Posted via email from WellCare
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